What is Pinealon?
Pinealon has the formula C15H27N7O8 and a molecular weight of 433.42, with three residues. No CAS registry number is assigned in our molecular dataset, so none is quoted. The sequence pairs two acidic residues, glutamate and aspartate, with a strongly basic arginine, giving a zwitterion with wide charge distribution across a very short backbone.
The bioregulator class comes from work led by Vladimir Khavinson at the St Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, where peptide fractions of animal organ extracts were narrowed to the shortest sequences that stayed active. The working hypothesis is that these di-, tri- and tetrapeptides cross cell and nuclear membranes and interact with promoter-region DNA or histones, altering transcription in a tissue-associated way. The evidence is largely docking simulation and spectroscopic binding work from the originating laboratories.
What is established is the chemistry and the existence of published rodent and cell-culture reports, including studies of cortical neuron cultures under hypoxic conditions and of behavioural measures in rats. What is not established is whether the DNA-binding hypothesis is correct, or whether the tissue specificity implied by the family naming reflects anything measurable. Independent replication outside the originating network remains limited.
Reconstitution & handling
The powder dissolves quickly in bacteriostatic or sterile water added slowly down the vial wall, since a 433 dalton tripeptide with both acidic and basic side chains is highly water soluble. Concentration is the labeled milligram content divided by the diluent volume added. Gentle swirling suffices, because a three-residue peptide has no secondary structure to preserve. The resulting solution should be clear and colorless.
Storage & stability
Lyophilized vials are kept at -20 degrees Celsius, protected from light and moisture, since the cake is hygroscopic and a softened cake indicates seal failure. Reconstituted material is stored at 2 to 8 degrees Celsius, split into single-use aliquots, and kept out of repeated freeze-thaw cycles. The sequence has no oxidation-prone residue, so the limiting factor is slow hydrolysis rather than side-chain chemistry.
How it's tested
Purity is measured by reverse-phase HPLC at 214 and 220 nanometres, with short polar peptides of this kind often needing an ion-pairing agent for useful retention on a C18 column. Identity is confirmed by mass spectrometry against the theoretical average mass of 433.42. Net peptide content is determined so the labeled figure reflects peptide rather than counter-ion and water.